--- url: /document/level-2/nginx_or_haproxy_tls_tunnel.md --- # Nginx 或 Haproxy 搭建 TLS 隧道隐藏指纹 Nginx 或 Haproxy 实现的 HTTPS 隧道、HTTP/2 over HTTPS 隧道、WebSocket over HTTP/2 over HTTPS 隧道、gRPC over HTTP/2 over HTTPS 隧道以及自签证书双端认证的 gRPC over HTTP/2 over HTTPS 隧道 ## 客户端服务端 Nginx 构建 HTTPS 隧道隐藏指纹 网路结构： xray\_client ---tcp--- nginx\_client ---HTTPS--- nginx\_sever ---tcp--- xray\_server ## 编译 nginx --with-stream 在客户端及服务端均编译 `curl -O -L http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.22.1.tar.gz` `tar -zxvf nginx-1.22.1.tar.gz` `cd nginx-1.22.1` `apt install gcc make` //编译依赖 gcc 以及 make `./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-stream --with-stream_ssl_module` //此步需要依赖一些库，根据报错安装相应 lib `make && make install` 编译之后 nginx 文件夹位于 `/usr/local/nginx` ## 配置 nginx 编辑 nginx 配置文件 nginx.conf `vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf` 服务端加入如下配置 服务器申请证书不再赘述，参考[白话文](../level-0/ch06-certificates.md) ``` stream { server { listen 443 ssl; listen [::]:443 ssl; ssl_protocols TLSv1.3; ssl_certificate /path/to/cert/domain.crt; # crt 文件位置 ssl_certificate_key /path/to/cert/domain.key; # key 文件位置 proxy_pass unix:/dev/shm/vless.sock; # 使用 domain socket } } ``` ::: warning 注意 stream 部分与 http 模块并列，客户端可删除 http 部分，服务端可删除或搭建网页伪装回落 ::: 客户端加入如下配置 ``` stream { server { listen 6666; listen [::]:6666; proxy_ssl on; proxy_ssl_protocols TLSv1.3; proxy_ssl_server_name on; proxy_ssl_name yourdomain.domain; # 服务器域名 proxy_pass ip:443; # 服务器 ip 形如 proxy_pass 6.6.6.6:443; 或 proxy_pass [2401:0:0::1]:443; } } ``` 在 `/etc/systemd/system` 文件夹中创建 `nginx.service` 文件 `vim /etc/systemd/system/nginx.service` 写入如下 ``` [Unit] Description=The NGINX HTTP and reverse proxy server After=syslog.target network-online.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target After=xray.service [Service] Type=forking ExecStartPre=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID PrivateTmp=true [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target ``` 加入开机自启 `systemctl enable nginx` ## xray 配置 服务端 xray 配置 ```json { "log": { "loglevel": "none" }, "inbounds": [ { "listen": "/dev/shm/vless.sock,0666", "protocol": "vless", "settings": { "users": [ { "id": "uuid" } ], "decryption": "none" }, "streamSettings": { "method": "tcp" }, "sniffing": { "enabled": true, "destOverride": ["http", "tls"] } } ], "outbounds": [ { "protocol": "freedom" } ] } ``` 客户端 xray 配置，此处以旁路由透明代理为例 ```json { "log": { "loglevel": "none" }, "dns": { "servers": [ "1.1.1.1", { "address": "119.29.29.29", "domains": ["geosite:cn"], "expectIP": ["geoip:cn"] } ], "disableFallback": true, "disableFallbackIfMatch": true }, "inbounds": [ { "tag": "tproxy-in", "port": 12345, "protocol": "tunnel", "settings": { "allowedNetwork": "tcp,udp", "followRedirect": true }, "sniffing": { "enabled": true, "destOverride": ["http", "tls"] }, "streamSettings": { "sockopt": { "tproxy": "tproxy", "mark": 255 } } }, { "tag": "http", "port": 10808, "listen": "127.0.0.1", "protocol": "http", "sniffing": { "enabled": true, "destOverride": ["http", "tls"] } } ], "outbounds": [ { "tag": "nginxtls", "protocol": "vless", "settings": { "address": "127.0.0.1", "port": 6666, "id": "uuid", "encryption": "none" }, "streamSettings": { "sockopt": { "mark": 255 }, "method": "tcp" } }, { "tag": "direct", "protocol": "freedom", "streamSettings": { "sockopt": { "mark": 255 } } }, { "tag": "block", "protocol": "blackhole", "settings": { "response": { "type": "http" } } } ], "routing": { "domainMatcher": "mph", "domainStrategy": "AsIs", "rules": [ { "domain": ["geosite:category-ads-all"], "outboundTag": "block" }, { "port": 123, "network": "udp", "outboundTag": "direct" }, { "ip": ["1.1.1.1"], "outboundTag": "proxy" }, { "domain": ["geosite:cn"], "outboundTag": "direct" }, { "protocol": ["bittorrent"], "outboundTag": "direct" }, { "ip": ["geoip:private"], "outboundTag": "direct" }, { "inboundTag": ["tproxy-in"], "outboundTag": "nginxtls" } ] } } ``` 如果使用透明代理需要在 iptables 或 ip6tables 配置中加入 ``` # 设置策略路由 v4 ip rule add fwmark 1 table 100 ip route add local 0.0.0.0/0 dev lo table 100 # 设置策略路由 v6 ip -6 rule add fwmark 1 table 106 ip -6 route add local ::/0 dev lo table 106 # VPS IP 直连 iptables -t mangle -A XRAY_MASK -d VSP_IPv4/32 -j RETURN ip6tables -t mangle -A XRAY6_MASK -d VPS_IPv6/128 -j RETURN ``` ## 客户端及服务端启动服务 `systemctl restart xray` `systemctl restart nginx` ## 结束 # 双端 Haproxy 构建 HTTPS 隧道隐藏指纹 安装 Haproxy `pacman -Su haproxy` 或 `apt install haproxy` Haproxy 处理 ssl 需要 openssl 支持，检查 openssl 版本，必要时安装或更新 ## HTTPS 隧道 前述 Nginx HTTPS 隧道 Hproxy 同样可以简单做到 网路结构： xray\_client ---tcp--- haproxy\_client ---HTTPS--- haproxy\_sever ---tcp--- xray\_server ### haproxy\_client 配置 (运行前去掉注释) ``` global log /dev/log local0 alert log /dev/log local1 alert stats socket /dev/shm/admin.sock mode 660 level admin expose-fd listeners stats timeout 30s user root group root daemon # 隧道强制使用 TLS 1.3 ssl-default-server-options ssl-min-ver TLSv1.3 defaults log global mode tcp timeout connect 5s timeout client 300s timeout server 300s frontend xray bind 127.0.0.1:6666 # 监听本机 6666 端口 default_backend tunnel backend tunnel server tunnel www.example.com:443 ssl verify none sni req.hdr(host) alpn h2,http/1.1 # 域名或 IP 均可以，若填域名建议在 hosts 中指定 IP 降低解析时间；alpn 与服务器协商，服务器端为 alpn h2,http1.1 时，客户端指定为 h2 则隧道为 HTTP2 方式连接，指定为 http1.1 为 HTTP 方式，双端均写优先 h2 ``` ### haproxy\_server 配置 (运行前去掉注释) ``` global log /dev/log local0 alert log /dev/log local1 alert stats socket /dev/shm/admin.sock mode 660 level admin expose-fd listeners stats timeout 30s user root group root daemon # 指定安全套件并指定 ssl 版本最低 1.2 增加真实性 ssl-default-bind-ciphers ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 ssl-default-bind-ciphersuites TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256:TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256 ssl-default-bind-options ssl-min-ver TLSv1.2 defaults log global mode tcp timeout connect 5s timeout client 300s timeout server 300s frontend tls-in bind :::443 ssl crt /path/to/pem alpn h2,http/1.1 # haproxy 使用 pem 进行 ssl 解密，pem 由 cat www.example.com.crt www.example.com.key > www.example.com.pem 获得 default_backend xray tcp-request inspect-delay 5s tcp-request content accept if HTTP use_backend web if HTTP backend xray server xray /dev/shm/vless.sock # 支持 abstract 格式： "abns@vless.sock" ；loopback 方式：127.0.0.1:6666 backend web server web /dev/shm/h1h2c.sock # 回落到网页 ``` ### xray 配置 同上 nginx 部分：最简单的 TCP 配置，可搭配任意协议，建议使用 VLESS+TCP 无需多余加密，参考文档或其他示例 ## WebSocket over HTTP/2 Haproxy 支持 HTTP/2 的 h2c 进站及出站 然而援引 xray 文档 HTTP/2 的说明 “由 HTTP/2 的建议，客户端和服务器必须同时开启 TLS 才可以正常使用这个传输方式。...... 当前版本的 HTTP/2 的传输方式并不强制要求入站（服务端）有 TLS 配置。” 即入站可以使用 h2c，出站并不支持 h2c。因此无法使用 xray\_client ---h2c--- haproxy\_client ---HTTP/2+TLS--- haproxy\_sever ---h2c--- xray\_server 但是可以通过 ws 偷个鸡，Haproxy 支持 ws over HTTP/2 则网络结构：xray\_client ---ws--- haproxy\_client ---ws over HTTP/2 over HTTPS--- haproxy\_sever ---ws--- xray\_server ### haproxy\_client 配置 ``` global log /dev/log local0 alert log /dev/log local1 alert stats socket /dev/shm/admin.sock mode 660 level admin expose-fd listeners stats timeout 30s user root group root daemon # 调整 HTTP/2 的性能，当遇到 HTTP/2 性能问题时都可以设置相关项，更多设置见 Haproxy 文档 tune.h2 部分 https://docs.haproxy.org/2.7/configuration.html tune.h2.initial-window-size 536870912 # 初始窗口大小，建议设置，默认值 65536 单位 byte，此值在突发大流量情况下需要一定加载时间，建议根据网速调整 tune.h2.max-concurrent-streams 512 # 复用线路数，可根据情况设置，默认值 100，一般不用设置(官方不建议改动) ssl-default-server-options ssl-min-ver TLSv1.3 defaults log global mode http timeout connect 5s timeout client 300s timeout server 300s frontend xray bind 127.0.0.1:6666 default_backend tunnel backend tunnel server tunnel www.example.com:443 ssl verify none sni req.hdr(host) ws h2 alpn h2 # ws over HTTP/2 ``` ### haproxy\_server 配置 ``` global log /dev/log local0 alert log /dev/log local1 alert stats socket /dev/shm/admin.sock mode 660 level admin expose-fd listeners stats timeout 30s user root group root daemon # 客户端配置即可，服务端配置也无妨 tune.h2.initial-window-size 536870912 tune.h2.max-concurrent-streams 512 ssl-default-bind-ciphers ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 ssl-default-bind-ciphersuites TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256:TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256 ssl-default-bind-options ssl-min-ver TLSv1.2 defaults log global mode http timeout connect 5s timeout client 300s timeout server 300s frontend tls-in bind :::443 ssl crt /path/to/pem alpn h2,http/1.1 use_backend xray if { ssl_fc_alpn -i h2 } { path_beg /tunnel } use_backend server1 if { ssl_fc_alpn -i h2 } { path_beg /path1 } use_backend server2 if { ssl_fc_alpn -i h2 } { path_beg /path2 } use_backend server3 if { ssl_fc_alpn -i h2 } { path_beg /path3 } default_backend web # haproxy 使用 http 模式可以根据 path 分流 backend xray server xray abns@vless.sock ws h1 backend server1 server server1 abns@server1.sock ws h1 backend server2 server server2 abns@server2.sock ws h1 backend server3 server server3 abns@server3.sock ws h1 backend web server web /dev/shm/h1h2c.sock ``` ### xray 配置 简单的 websocket 配置即可，无需 TLS， 配置见 xray 文档示例，配置 "path" 可以用于服务端 haproxy 分流（客户端有分流需求同样可以通过客户端 haproxy 进行，原理类似，参考服务端的 path 分流配置） ## gRPC over HTTP/2 虽然双端的 h2c 不行，但是 gRPC 不要求必须 TLS，直接冲 网络结构：xray\_client ---gRPC h2c--- haproxy\_client ---gRPC over HTTP/2 over HTTPS--- haproxy\_sever ---gRPC h2c--- xray\_server ### haproxy\_client 配置 ``` global log /dev/log local0 alert log /dev/log local1 alert stats socket /dev/shm/admin.sock mode 660 level admin expose-fd listeners stats timeout 30s user root group root daemon tune.h2.initial-window-size 536870912 tune.h2.max-concurrent-streams 512 ssl-default-server-options ssl-min-ver TLSv1.3 defaults log global mode http timeout connect 5s timeout client 300s timeout server 300s frontend xray bind 127.0.0.1:6666 proto h2 # 指定 proto h2 使用 h2c default_backend tunnel backend tunnel server tunnel www.example.com:443 ssl verify none sni req.hdr(host) alpn h2 ``` ### haproxy\_server 配置 ``` global log /dev/log local0 alert log /dev/log local1 alert stats socket /dev/shm/admin.sock mode 660 level admin expose-fd listeners stats timeout 30s user root group root daemon tune.h2.initial-window-size 536870912 tune.h2.max-concurrent-streams 512 ssl-default-bind-ciphers ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 ssl-default-bind-ciphersuites TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256:TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256 ssl-default-bind-options ssl-min-ver TLSv1.2 defaults log global mode http timeout connect 5s timeout client 300s timeout server 300s frontend tls-in bind :::443 ssl crt /path/to/pem alpn h2,http/1.1 use_backend xray if { ssl_fc_alpn -i h2 } { path_beg /tunnel } # xray gRPC 中配置的 "serviceName" 在 harpoxy 中可以使用 path 进行分流，为方便使用 "multiMode"，使用 path_beg 参数匹配路径 use_backend server1 if { ssl_fc_alpn -i h2 } { path_beg /path1 } use_backend server2 if { ssl_fc_alpn -i h2 } { path_beg /path2 } use_backend server3 if { ssl_fc_alpn -i h2 } { path_beg /path3 } default_backend web backend xray server xray abns@vless.sock proto h2 backend server1 server server1 abns@server1.sock proto h2 backend server2 server server2 abns@server2.sock proto h2 backend server3 server server3 abns@server3.sock proto h2 backend web server web /dev/shm/h1h2c.sock ``` ### xray 配置 简单的 gRPC 配置，无需 TLS，配置见文档，配置的 serviceName 可用于分流。 # Haproxy 使用自签证书进行双端认证（gRPC 示例） 这里使用自签证书双端认证加强隧道安全性（但会牺牲一点延迟，不过使用 gRPC 后感知不强），而服务端同时处理信任的证书和自签名证书，并据此分流伪装网站和隧道流量 其中 www.example.com 为伪装站信任证书（如白话文中申请的证书） tunnel.example.com 为自签证书网址，自签证书可以参考 https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/azure/application-gateway/self-signed-certificates 根证书 ca.crt 服务器证书 server.crt 服务器密钥 server.key 至少需要生成一个 server.pem，客户端可以同样使用此证书用于双端认证；或者生成两个证书，一个 client，一个 server，用于双端认证 需准备 fullchain.crt 用于认证（ cat server.crt ca.crt > fullchain.crt ），server.pem （ cat server.crt server.key ca.crt > server.pem ）用于解密 ### haproxy\_client 配置 ``` global log /dev/log local0 alert log /dev/log local1 alert stats socket /dev/shm/admin.sock mode 660 level admin expose-fd listeners stats timeout 30s user root group root daemon tune.h2.initial-window-size 536870912 tune.h2.max-concurrent-streams 512 ssl-default-server-options ssl-min-ver TLSv1.3 defaults log global mode http timeout connect 5s timeout client 300s timeout server 300s frontend xray bind 127.0.0.1:6666 proto h2 default_backend tunnel backend tunnel server tunnel tunnel.example.com:443 tfo allow-0rtt ssl crt /path/to/client.pem verify required ca-file /path/to/fullchain.crt sni str(tunnel.example.com) alpn h2 # 网址自定义，和自签证书一致即可，hosts 中配置 IP 解析，sni 的 str 设定 sni，用于服务端识别 ``` ### haproxy\_server 配置 ``` global log /dev/log local0 alert log /dev/log local1 alert stats socket /dev/shm/admin.sock mode 660 level admin expose-fd listeners stats timeout 30s user root group root daemon tune.h2.initial-window-size 536870912 tune.h2.max-concurrent-streams 512 ssl-default-bind-ciphers ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 ssl-default-bind-ciphersuites TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256:TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256 ssl-default-bind-options ssl-min-ver TLSv1.2 defaults log global mode http timeout connect 5s timeout client 300s timeout server 300s frontend tls-in bind :::443 tfo allow-0rtt ssl crt /path/to/server.pem verify optional ca-file /path/to/fullchain.crt crt /path/to/www.example.com.pem alpn h2,http/1.1 use_backend xray if { ssl_fc_sni tunnel.example.com } { ssl_c_used } { ssl_fc_alpn -i h2 } { path_beg /tunnel } use_backend server1 if { ssl_fc_sni atunnel.example.com } { ssl_c_used } { ssl_fc_alpn -i h2 } { path_beg /path2 } use_backend server2 if { ssl_fc_sni btunnel.example.com } { ssl_c_used } { ssl_fc_alpn -i h2 } { path_beg /path3 } use_backend server3 if { ssl_fc_sni ctunnel.example.com } { ssl_c_used } { ssl_fc_alpn -i h2 } { path_beg /path4 } default_backend web # Haproxy 支持多个 pem 解密 # 可根据多个客户端的不同 sni 分流，也可以 path 分流，方式多样，更多 acl 见 Haproxy 文档 backend xray server xray abns@vless.sock proto h2 backend server1 server server1 abns@server1.sock proto h2 backend server2 server server2 abns@server2.sock proto h2 backend server3 server server3 abns@server3.sock proto h2 backend web server web /dev/shm/h1h2c.sock ``` ### xray 配置 简单的 gRPC 配置，无需 TLS，配置见文档，配置的 serviceName 可用于分流。